Window 7

Window 7

Unless you have been living under a rock, there is a good chance you have caught wind of Microsoft’s latest operating system. Those eager to see what the new OS is all about had their first chance to take a peek back in February when Microsoft released the Windows 8 Consumer Preview.
More than a million downloads took place within the first day of the preview's release, but users were in for a shock as major changes awaited them. By far the most controversial has been the replacement of the Start menu for the new Start screen, and inherently, Microsoft's decision of doing away with the Start button on desktop mode.
For the first time since Windows 95 the Start button is no longer a centerpiece of the operating system, in fact it's gone for good.
On the final version of Windows 8, clicking the bottom-left corner of the screen -- where the Start button would normally be located -- launches the Metro interface (or whatever it is they are calling it now). The new tile-based interface is radically different from anything used on a Windows desktop and resembles what we've successfully seen working on the latest iterations of Windows Phone.
However, many users seem to be struggling to get their head around it. Personally, in spite of using Windows 8 for several months, I'm still undecided if I like the new interface or not. It certainly takes some time getting used to and for that reason I'm not jumping to conclusions just yet.
My opinion aside, there are countless users that have already shunned the new interface and many of them made their thoughts heard in our recent editorial "Windows 8: Why the Start Menu's Absence is Irrelevant". Yet, while everyone loves to try and remind Microsoft about how much of a flop some previous operating systems such as ME and Vista were, and that Windows 8 will be no better, we believe the new operating system still has a lot to offer.
Microsoft's PR machine has been hard at work over the past few months, trying to explain the numerous improvements Windows 8 has received on the backend. The good news is that it shows.
Coming from the two previews and now the final release of Windows 8, the OS seems smoother than Windows 7. It has been well documented that Windows 8 starts up and shuts down faster, so that wasn’t much of a surprise. Maybe it's the inevitability of bloating an OS installation that is a couple of years old (in the case of Windows 7), but there's this sense of when you move from a hard drive to an SSD, things just appear slightly quicker. This was surprising as I had not expected to notice much of a difference for general usage.
Of course, this is merely an informal observation and we are here to back up those impressions with hard numbers (read: lots of benchmarks in the coming pages).
Back when Vista first arrived I remember comparing how it performed to XP and being extremely disappointed with the results. Vista was generally rough around the edges and that included drivers, so gaming and productivity applications were more often than not slower in the new OS.

History of the Hard Disk

History of Hard Disk

• 1956 – IBM 350, first commercial disk drive, 5 million characters
• 1961 – IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit introduced with one head per surface and aerodynamic flying heads, 28 million characters per module
• 1962 – IBM 1311 introduced removable disk packs containing 6 disks, storing 2 million characters per pack
• 1964 – IBM 2311 with 7.25 megabytes per disk pack
• 1964 – IBM 2310 removable cartridge disk drive with 1.02 MB on one disk
• 1965 – IBM 2314 with 11 disks and 29 MB per disk pack
• 1968 – Memorex is first to ship an IBM-plug-compatible disk drive
• 1970 – IBM 3330 Merlin, introduced error correction, 100 MB per disk pack
• 1973 – IBM 3340 Winchester introduced removable sealed disk packs that included head and arm assembly, 35 or 70 MB per pack
• 1973 – CDC SMD announced and shipped, 40 MB disk pack
• 1976 - 1976 IBM 3350 "Madrid"—317.5 Megabytes, eight 14" disks, Re-introduction of disk drive with fixed disk media
• 1979 – IBM 3370 introduced thin film heads, 571 MB, non-removable
• 1979 - 1979 IBM 62PC "Piccolo" – 64.5 Megabytes, six 8" disks, First 8-inch HDD
• 1980 – The world's first gigabyte-capacity disk drive, the IBM 3380, was the size of a refrigerator, weighed 550 pounds (about 250 kg), and had a price tag of $40,000( $111 thousand in present day terms), 2.52 GB
• 1980 – ST-506 first 5¼ inch drive released with capacity of 5 megabytes, cost $1500
• 1983 - RO351/RO352 first 3½ inch drive released with capacity of 10 megabytes
• 1986 – Standardization of SCSI
• 1988 - PrairieTek 220 – 20 Megabytes, two 2.5" disks, First 2.5 inch HDD.
• 1989 – Jimmy Zhu and H. Neal Bertram from UCSD proposed exchange decoupled granular microstructure for thin film disk storage media, still used today.
• 1990 – 1990 IBM 0681 "Redwing" – 857 Megabytes, twelve 5.25" disks. First HDD with PRML Technology (Digital Read Channel with 'Partial Response Maximum Likelihood' algorithm)
• 1991 - IBM 0663 "Corsair" – 1,004 Megabytes, eight 3.5" disks; first HDD using magnetoresistive heads
• 1991 - Integral Peripherals 1820 "Mustang" – 21.4 Megabytes, one 1.8" disk, first 1.8 inch HDD
• 1992 – HP Kittyhawk first 1.3-inch hard-disk drive –
• 1993 – IBM 3390 model 9, the last Single Large Expensive Disk drive announced by IBM
• 1994 – IBM introduces Laser Textured Landing Zones (LZT)
• 1997 – IBM Deskstar 16GP "Titan" – 16,800 Megabytes, five 3.5" disks; first (Giant Magnetoresistance) heads
• 1997 – Seagate introduces the first hard drive with fluid bearings
• 1998 – UltraDMA/33 and ATAPI standardized
• 1999 – IBM releases the Microdrive in 170 MB and 340 MB capacities

• 2002 – 137 GB addressing space barrier broken
• 2003 – Serial ATA introduced
• 2003 – IBM sells disk drive division to Hitachi
• 2004 – MK2001MTN first 0.85 inch drive released by IBM with capacity of 2 gigabytes
• 2005 – First 500 GB hard drive shipping (Hitachi GST)
• 2005 – Serial ATA 3Gbit/s standardized
• 2005 – Seagate introduces Tunnel MagnetoResistive Read Sensor (TMR) and Thermal Spacing Control
• 2005 – Introduction of faster SAS (Serial Attached SCSI)
• 2005 – First Perpendicular recording HDD shipped: Toshiba 1.8-inch 40/80 GB
• 2006 – First 750 GB hard drive (Seagate)
• 2006 – First 200 GB 2.5" hard drive utilizing Perpendicular recording (Toshiba)
• 2006 – Fujitsu develops heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) that could one day achieve one terabit per square inch densities.
• 2007 – First 1 terabytehard drive (Hitachi GST)
• 2008 – First 1.5 terabyte hard drive (Seagate)
• 2009 – First 2.0 terabyte hard drive (Western Digital)
• 2010 – First 3.0 terabyte hard drive (Seagate, Western Digital)
• 2010 – First Hard Drive Manufactured by using the Advanced Format of 4,096 bytes a block ("4K") instead of 512 bytes a block
• 2011 – First 4.0 terabyte hard drive (Seagate)
• 2012 - Western Digital announces the first 2.5-inch, 5mm thick drive, and the first 2.5-inch, 7mm thick drive with two platters.(Western Digital)
• 2012 - HGST announces helium-filled hard disk drives, promising cooler operation and the ability to increase the maximum number of platters from five to seven in the 3.5" form factor. (Hitachi GST)
• 2012 - TDK demonstrates 2TB on a single 3.5-inch platter

Intel

Intel Corporation is an American multinational semiconductor chip maker corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Intel is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. Intel Corporation, founded on July 18, 1968, is a portmanteau of Integrated Electronics (the fact that "Intel" is the term for intelligence information was also quite suitable)Intel also makes motherboard chip sets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability. Though Intel was originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, its "Intel Inside" advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and its Pentium processor household names.
Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and was known for aggressive and sometimes illegal tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry The 2011 rankings of the world's 100 most valuable brands published by Millward Brown Optimor showed the company's brand value at number 58 and in 2012 at number 49.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Advance Technologies

Today, we can’t imagine ourselves without technological advances such as cars, microwaves, cell phones, computers, and televisions. However, technology won’t stop here, but develop further. As technology develops, there are not only advantages, but disadvantages from them. A few advantages of upgraded technology are that one can save time and money and life will be made easier as a result of not having to do all the hard labor. In contrast, the disadvantages of upgraded technology are that people will loose their jobs to machines that will do the work for them. In addition, machines and robots are too complex for most people to use.

I personally would want a developed world with advanced technologies. The following are the reasons why I do want a more advanced world with advanced technologies. My major reason is because when you have advanced technologies, life is much easier as robots and machines would take over your daily life chores. For example, daily life chores might be serving your breakfast, cutting your lawn, or cleaning your room. With robots and machines doing one’s chores one has time to relax.

Another reason is because unlike humans, robots and machines do not make mistakes when programmed correctly. They always accomplish tasks perfectly so you won’t have to worry about making a mistake and getting trouble.

Other reasons why I want advanced technologies are because they save a great deal of time and money. For example, if you are a wealthy man who always had trouble employing talented maids, you can buy a cleaning robot and use it for the rest of your life. Therefore, you won’t have to use all your time employing talented maids. Also, you will save a lot of money from not having to pay servants. Another example of benefits from advanced technology is that if there are new, developed vehicles that will transport people to anywhere rapidly, so that one would not need to spend all those boring, long hours in an airplane to try to get to another country, which will save much time not only on long travels but also on daily commutes.

As there are so many advantages from highly developed technology, there also is a great deal of disadvantages from them. One disadvantage is that as technology develops, robots and machines will take over many jobs and people will loose their jobs by contrast. As people loose their jobs, they will have hard time getting money which would make it hard for them to continue to meet living expenses. Moreover, as people use less money the economy would be difficult to control and especially if it is a country as large as the United States, the problem will influence the world greatly.

Another disadvantage of highly developed technology is that machines and robots are complex. It is hard to activate all the machines you have unless you can multitask. Think about it, if most people have trouble on computers and almost all of us don’t know the actual limit of computers’ abilities, how will us, normal people, work with all the robots and machines? Moreover, just like computers, robots and machines will easily break and most time you won’t know how to fix them and one will have to call someone to fix them. People will loose their temper over this and it will create a large expense to repair them.

Even as there are as many advantages ad disadvantages of technology, I personally wish a more advanced world with great technologies. It would be so cool to work out all the complicated machines and robots. Don’t you think it will be awesome to press just a few complicated buttons than do the labor yourself? In the future it would be more about using your brain and being intelligent than doing the hard labor yourself. I hope these days come within my lifetim

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Coco J. Ginger

“I don't want to go viral, I want to set hearts on fire."